WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.403 --> 00:00:03.736 line:15% [upbeat, playful music] 2 00:00:14.019 --> 00:00:15.550 What we're about to make is the boomerang plane 3 00:00:15.550 --> 00:00:16.430 and what you wanna do is start 4 00:00:16.430 --> 00:00:17.920 with the short side of the paper up, 5 00:00:17.920 --> 00:00:19.550 U.S. letter sized paper. 6 00:00:19.550 --> 00:00:21.550 We're gonna start by folding it in half. 7 00:00:22.930 --> 00:00:24.780 The next thing we're gonna do is find the center 8 00:00:24.780 --> 00:00:26.670 of this crease that we just made and 9 00:00:26.670 --> 00:00:27.830 we're just gonna make a little pinch, 10 00:00:27.830 --> 00:00:29.660 we're not gonna make a full fold. 11 00:00:29.660 --> 00:00:32.420 We just put that corner to that corner and then 12 00:00:32.420 --> 00:00:34.470 carefully make a pinch right there 13 00:00:34.470 --> 00:00:36.660 and now we're gonna find the one quarter point, 14 00:00:36.660 --> 00:00:39.430 just halfway between the center and that corner. 15 00:00:39.430 --> 00:00:40.520 Again, we're just gonna make a pinch. 16 00:00:40.520 --> 00:00:43.070 We're just marking the one quarter point. 17 00:00:43.070 --> 00:00:44.947 Now we're gonna use the one quarter point 18 00:00:44.947 --> 00:00:47.190 and this corner to make a crease 19 00:00:47.190 --> 00:00:48.710 that runs right straight here 20 00:00:48.710 --> 00:00:51.810 and so we'll just use those two landmarks to make a crease, 21 00:00:51.810 --> 00:00:53.920 folding that one corner over. 22 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:56.320 Now we're gonna do what's called a squash fold. 23 00:00:56.320 --> 00:00:57.190 To start the squash fold, 24 00:00:57.190 --> 00:00:59.377 we're gonna lift this corner that we just folded 25 00:00:59.377 --> 00:01:01.590 and you'll notice that you've got two layers here. 26 00:01:01.590 --> 00:01:03.750 We're gonna open up this layer 27 00:01:03.750 --> 00:01:06.170 and that original center crease that we made, 28 00:01:06.170 --> 00:01:08.540 folding the page in half, we're gonna use that crease 29 00:01:08.540 --> 00:01:12.310 and press it right down to where those layers meet. 30 00:01:12.310 --> 00:01:14.750 Now we're gonna take this flap in the front 31 00:01:14.750 --> 00:01:16.850 and we're just gonna fold it behind. 32 00:01:16.850 --> 00:01:19.310 Now we're gonna start the most complicated part 33 00:01:19.310 --> 00:01:21.130 of this plane is taking these corners up here 34 00:01:21.130 --> 00:01:22.690 and putting them in these pockets, 35 00:01:22.690 --> 00:01:25.740 so let's start by moving the corner where it's going to be. 36 00:01:25.740 --> 00:01:27.330 It's going to be right straight 37 00:01:27.330 --> 00:01:29.280 at the bottom of this triangle. 38 00:01:29.280 --> 00:01:31.370 See, we've got a little flap here that we created, 39 00:01:31.370 --> 00:01:33.431 this is the pocket that I was talking about. 40 00:01:33.431 --> 00:01:35.790 Pocket looks, right there. 41 00:01:35.790 --> 00:01:37.030 This corner's going into that pocket 42 00:01:37.030 --> 00:01:39.200 and the first move is to put it down there about as far 43 00:01:39.200 --> 00:01:41.030 as it's gonna go into the pocket, so let's do that, 44 00:01:41.030 --> 00:01:43.610 just leaving about two millimeters of space 45 00:01:43.610 --> 00:01:46.000 at the bottom of the pocket for that to fit in there. 46 00:01:46.000 --> 00:01:48.343 Let's go ahead and do the other side at the same time. 47 00:01:51.080 --> 00:01:52.970 Now we're gonna actually narrow this point 48 00:01:52.970 --> 00:01:54.640 small enough to fit into the pocket. 49 00:01:54.640 --> 00:01:55.890 You can see it's much too wide. 50 00:01:55.890 --> 00:01:58.560 We're gonna start by moving this guy up, 51 00:01:58.560 --> 00:02:00.850 and you have to be able to see the pocket underneath here, 52 00:02:00.850 --> 00:02:02.110 I'm gonna lift this for just a second. 53 00:02:02.110 --> 00:02:03.680 This crease that we're making here 54 00:02:03.680 --> 00:02:05.740 is gonna make it so it fits into that pocket there, 55 00:02:05.740 --> 00:02:09.950 so we're making that just narrow enough to go in there 56 00:02:09.950 --> 00:02:12.110 all the way down to the point, 57 00:02:12.110 --> 00:02:14.060 and that's kind of a weird move there, 58 00:02:14.060 --> 00:02:15.670 I'm gonna hold that up so you can see that. 59 00:02:15.670 --> 00:02:17.120 This is the edge of the pocket 60 00:02:17.120 --> 00:02:19.074 and this is the new crease that we made here 61 00:02:19.074 --> 00:02:22.510 and now, now that it's thin enough, 62 00:02:22.510 --> 00:02:25.350 we're gonna put it into the pocket. 63 00:02:25.350 --> 00:02:27.420 You just kind of press the pocket open 64 00:02:27.420 --> 00:02:29.850 and take that corner and put it in there. 65 00:02:29.850 --> 00:02:32.600 We're gonna use the front of the pocket here as a limit 66 00:02:33.630 --> 00:02:35.470 and we're gonna try to get this corner here 67 00:02:35.470 --> 00:02:37.630 as close to this center crease as we can. 68 00:02:37.630 --> 00:02:39.570 Again, the front of the pocket, 69 00:02:39.570 --> 00:02:42.050 and try to get that corner to touch the center crease. 70 00:02:42.050 --> 00:02:42.980 Now we're gonna flip it over 71 00:02:42.980 --> 00:02:45.180 and insert the corner into the other pocket. 72 00:02:46.630 --> 00:02:48.630 Creating a joke, then okay look at that. 73 00:02:49.640 --> 00:02:54.370 Open up the pocket just enough to insert that flap in there 74 00:02:54.370 --> 00:02:56.370 and this corner just touching the center crease, 75 00:02:56.370 --> 00:02:57.603 again, are the limits. 76 00:02:59.570 --> 00:03:01.950 The next move is to broaden the wings out again. 77 00:03:01.950 --> 00:03:04.400 We folded the wing tips down to the center of the plane 78 00:03:04.400 --> 00:03:07.040 so we're gonna move them back to the outside. 79 00:03:07.040 --> 00:03:07.950 There's one side done, 80 00:03:07.950 --> 00:03:10.308 we'll flip it over and do the other side. 81 00:03:10.308 --> 00:03:12.290 Now we're gonna do something real crazy, 82 00:03:12.290 --> 00:03:13.530 we're gonna squash that flat. 83 00:03:13.530 --> 00:03:16.160 We're gonna start by picking it up 84 00:03:16.160 --> 00:03:18.820 and opening the two halves of the plane 85 00:03:20.160 --> 00:03:22.920 and notice that as I squash it flat, 86 00:03:22.920 --> 00:03:23.920 you've got these two corners here, 87 00:03:23.920 --> 00:03:27.083 you wanna keep these two corners lined up at the center, 88 00:03:28.070 --> 00:03:29.110 press them together at the center, 89 00:03:29.110 --> 00:03:31.070 and then squash the whole thing flat. 90 00:03:31.070 --> 00:03:32.190 Now we're gonna flip it over, 91 00:03:32.190 --> 00:03:35.610 so this folds right straight down, line up the corner, 92 00:03:35.610 --> 00:03:38.170 the top point with the center. 93 00:03:38.170 --> 00:03:40.490 We're gonna follow this crease right here, 94 00:03:40.490 --> 00:03:42.470 fold the plane in half, 95 00:03:42.470 --> 00:03:43.960 and remember these little layers 96 00:03:43.960 --> 00:03:46.677 that we used as limits here, 97 00:03:46.677 --> 00:03:49.030 they are right next to the layers here 98 00:03:49.030 --> 00:03:50.990 that we're gonna use as limits for the wing folds, 99 00:03:50.990 --> 00:03:52.900 so leave this guy folded in half. 100 00:03:52.900 --> 00:03:54.710 We're gonna pull the wing over, 101 00:03:54.710 --> 00:03:56.120 the wing fold is gonna be parallel 102 00:03:56.120 --> 00:03:57.970 with the main center crease. 103 00:03:57.970 --> 00:04:00.040 The wings are gonna be the same height 104 00:04:00.040 --> 00:04:01.980 at the front and the tail of the plane 105 00:04:01.980 --> 00:04:04.530 and the crease is gonna be parallel with this center crease, 106 00:04:04.530 --> 00:04:06.630 that's a really important deal. 107 00:04:06.630 --> 00:04:08.420 You fold it over just enough so you can see 108 00:04:08.420 --> 00:04:12.943 a little triangle forming right here at the wing crease. 109 00:04:14.490 --> 00:04:16.220 I take care that these guys are parallel. 110 00:04:16.220 --> 00:04:18.140 We'll flip it over and do the other side. 111 00:04:18.140 --> 00:04:18.990 Now let's do winglets, 112 00:04:18.990 --> 00:04:22.390 and winglets should be parallel with the wing crease. 113 00:04:22.390 --> 00:04:25.560 So wing crease here, winglet is gonna be parallel here. 114 00:04:25.560 --> 00:04:28.460 This just comes up that much, 115 00:04:28.460 --> 00:04:30.860 it's about a third or a little bit less 116 00:04:30.860 --> 00:04:34.038 than a third of the whole height of the wing, 117 00:04:34.038 --> 00:04:37.318 and you want this crease to be parallel with this crease, 118 00:04:37.318 --> 00:04:38.390 move in the same direction. 119 00:04:38.390 --> 00:04:40.690 Let's flip it over, make the other wing match. 120 00:04:41.640 --> 00:04:44.330 So unlike most paper airplanes, 121 00:04:44.330 --> 00:04:47.770 the boomerang plane, the wings are going to droop. 122 00:04:47.770 --> 00:04:50.810 A positive dihedral helps the plane rock back to neutral. 123 00:04:50.810 --> 00:04:52.850 This plane, the wings are actually dropping 124 00:04:52.850 --> 00:04:55.520 in a negative dihedral or anhedral fashion, 125 00:04:55.520 --> 00:04:58.140 and that, along with where the center of gravity is, 126 00:04:58.140 --> 00:05:00.480 helps the boomerang plane circle back. 127 00:05:00.480 --> 00:05:03.147 [playful music] 128 00:05:08.070 --> 00:05:09.630 Now we're gonna fold the boomerang two, 129 00:05:09.630 --> 00:05:12.250 and the folding is very similar to the boomerang one. 130 00:05:12.250 --> 00:05:13.870 First couple of moves are gonna be very familiar 131 00:05:13.870 --> 00:05:15.520 if you just folded the boomerang plane. 132 00:05:15.520 --> 00:05:17.060 We're gonna fold it in half 133 00:05:17.060 --> 00:05:18.960 and again, we're gonna find the center point 134 00:05:18.960 --> 00:05:22.440 on this crease right here, making a little pinch, 135 00:05:22.440 --> 00:05:23.750 and now we're gonna find, again, 136 00:05:23.750 --> 00:05:26.120 the quarter point by measuring the halfway point 137 00:05:26.120 --> 00:05:29.280 between the center point and that corner. 138 00:05:29.280 --> 00:05:30.950 We're gonna use this quarter point, 139 00:05:30.950 --> 00:05:33.490 we're actually gonna make a crease all the way up this time 140 00:05:33.490 --> 00:05:35.320 and we're gonna use that as a reference point 141 00:05:35.320 --> 00:05:37.500 to begin the folding sequence here. 142 00:05:37.500 --> 00:05:39.800 Let's move that quarter point over, 143 00:05:39.800 --> 00:05:42.981 line everything up perfectly, make a nice, sharp crease. 144 00:05:42.981 --> 00:05:44.960 Now we're gonna fold this corner over 145 00:05:44.960 --> 00:05:46.370 and we're gonna fold it over in such a way 146 00:05:46.370 --> 00:05:50.170 that it just comes to rest against this vertical crease here 147 00:05:50.170 --> 00:05:52.940 so we're folding the corner over, it's gonna hit there, 148 00:05:52.940 --> 00:05:55.790 and then again, you're going to the top left corner here. 149 00:05:57.950 --> 00:05:59.430 Again, we're gonna run the same sequence 150 00:05:59.430 --> 00:06:01.200 after we get the small triangle made, 151 00:06:01.200 --> 00:06:03.240 we're gonna do a squash fold, 152 00:06:03.240 --> 00:06:06.423 just lifting that flap, opening it up, 153 00:06:07.260 --> 00:06:09.170 and then moving the center crease 154 00:06:09.170 --> 00:06:12.370 down to the center of those layers and pressing it flat. 155 00:06:12.370 --> 00:06:14.490 Of course we have to fold this flap behind 156 00:06:14.490 --> 00:06:17.790 before we start moving those guys into pockets. 157 00:06:17.790 --> 00:06:19.590 Let's start by bringing this corner down 158 00:06:19.590 --> 00:06:22.800 just short of the bottom of the pocket, make a crease. 159 00:06:22.800 --> 00:06:24.620 Let's flip it over, make the other side match. 160 00:06:24.620 --> 00:06:25.750 Again, we're taking this corner 161 00:06:25.750 --> 00:06:27.893 just short of the end of the pocket here. 162 00:06:32.822 --> 00:06:34.530 Now we're gonna narrow this corner 163 00:06:34.530 --> 00:06:36.280 so it fits inside this pocket here. 164 00:06:40.220 --> 00:06:41.410 We're gonna take this corner 165 00:06:41.410 --> 00:06:42.710 and put it into the bottom of the pocket here, 166 00:06:42.710 --> 00:06:44.730 so we're narrowing it right here 167 00:06:44.730 --> 00:06:46.530 and now we're gonna put it in there. 168 00:06:49.740 --> 00:06:51.860 Again, we've got this weird bubbling configuration 169 00:06:51.860 --> 00:06:55.780 and this time, the front of the pocket is still gonna be 170 00:06:55.780 --> 00:06:58.010 where we wanna go in terms of the limit 171 00:06:58.010 --> 00:07:00.030 and the back of the plane, you're gonna try to line up 172 00:07:00.030 --> 00:07:01.590 this edge with this edge, 173 00:07:01.590 --> 00:07:03.020 you're gonna try to keep these edges, 174 00:07:03.020 --> 00:07:04.960 this one sticking up here, right here, 175 00:07:04.960 --> 00:07:06.703 kinda parallel with this guy here. 176 00:07:08.106 --> 00:07:10.010 Here we go, we're bringing that down, 177 00:07:10.010 --> 00:07:13.060 we're gonna squash it flat using that front 178 00:07:14.320 --> 00:07:17.360 of the pocket as a limit and try to keep that edge 179 00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:18.520 parallel with the back edge here. 180 00:07:18.520 --> 00:07:19.670 Now let's flip it over. 181 00:07:26.810 --> 00:07:28.470 Now once again, we've moved the wing tips 182 00:07:28.470 --> 00:07:30.990 to the inside of the plane and we wanna widen those out 183 00:07:30.990 --> 00:07:34.640 so we've got enough air flow there to keep the plane aloft. 184 00:07:34.640 --> 00:07:35.473 We're gonna make a crease that goes 185 00:07:35.473 --> 00:07:38.180 from the front of the pocket to this rear corner here. 186 00:07:38.180 --> 00:07:39.980 We're just gonna move that layer up. 187 00:07:41.230 --> 00:07:44.371 Do the same thing to the other side, let's flip it over, 188 00:07:44.371 --> 00:07:46.550 and moving that guy up. 189 00:07:46.550 --> 00:07:48.660 Now that we've got our wing tips fanned back out, 190 00:07:48.660 --> 00:07:51.230 we're gonna squash fold the whole body of the plane, 191 00:07:51.230 --> 00:07:53.540 and we do that by opening up this center crease, 192 00:07:53.540 --> 00:07:55.190 we're gonna open this crease here 193 00:07:57.580 --> 00:07:59.640 and start moving these two corners, 194 00:07:59.640 --> 00:08:01.608 these guys here are gonna move down, 195 00:08:01.608 --> 00:08:03.500 you can see these guys, we're gonna move them down 196 00:08:03.500 --> 00:08:05.350 as we pull the layers to the outside. 197 00:08:08.320 --> 00:08:09.680 We're gonna take this corner 198 00:08:09.680 --> 00:08:12.430 and move it up just so that it's right along this edge. 199 00:08:14.270 --> 00:08:17.070 These guys started here and they're going up like this, 200 00:08:17.070 --> 00:08:18.220 and now we're just gonna reverse 201 00:08:18.220 --> 00:08:19.370 the direction of these creases 202 00:08:19.370 --> 00:08:21.410 so that those two taps are sticking to the inside. 203 00:08:21.410 --> 00:08:23.340 There's one done, so I've just started here 204 00:08:23.340 --> 00:08:25.150 and I'm just tucking that under 205 00:08:25.150 --> 00:08:27.533 using the crease we just made as a reference. 206 00:08:29.547 --> 00:08:31.710 We'll go ahead and do the same thing for the other side. 207 00:08:31.710 --> 00:08:34.690 If you feel, underneath here you can feel 208 00:08:34.690 --> 00:08:36.240 all the layers kinda ending right there, 209 00:08:36.240 --> 00:08:37.220 I'm gonna take my thumb nail 210 00:08:37.220 --> 00:08:39.280 and just follow that right there 211 00:08:39.280 --> 00:08:41.030 and that's gonna provide a reference 212 00:08:41.030 --> 00:08:42.790 for moving this fold over to here. 213 00:08:42.790 --> 00:08:45.160 This is again, we're making the landing gear here, 214 00:08:45.160 --> 00:08:47.260 so I have a reference for moving this layer over, 215 00:08:47.260 --> 00:08:49.260 so here we go, let's move the layer over 216 00:08:50.640 --> 00:08:52.440 and now we're moving this fold over. 217 00:08:54.590 --> 00:08:56.590 Now we're gonna go ahead and make wings. 218 00:08:57.470 --> 00:08:58.567 We're gonna follow this center crease 219 00:08:58.567 --> 00:09:01.450 and fold it with all the layers on the outside 220 00:09:01.450 --> 00:09:03.740 and you're gonna do an exact measurement here. 221 00:09:03.740 --> 00:09:05.120 You're gonna measure it 222 00:09:05.120 --> 00:09:06.750 using one of the layers on the other side, 223 00:09:06.750 --> 00:09:08.150 so you have to pull it over, 224 00:09:08.150 --> 00:09:10.095 and now you're seeing this layer here. 225 00:09:10.095 --> 00:09:12.430 This layer, where this layer ends 226 00:09:12.430 --> 00:09:16.300 is gonna hit the corner of the plane's fuselage here. 227 00:09:16.300 --> 00:09:18.450 You wanna roll this over and when that layer 228 00:09:18.450 --> 00:09:20.050 just touches the corner underneath, 229 00:09:20.050 --> 00:09:21.000 you have to keep peaking 230 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:23.350 and sort of doing this a little bit by braille. 231 00:09:24.524 --> 00:09:27.840 Get a little bit closer to the nose and roll that over 232 00:09:27.840 --> 00:09:29.870 and hit right there. 233 00:09:29.870 --> 00:09:30.820 Let's flip it over. 234 00:09:33.230 --> 00:09:36.290 The main thing is to make the other wing match. 235 00:09:36.290 --> 00:09:38.400 When I fold this corner up to make the winglet, 236 00:09:38.400 --> 00:09:40.480 don't go past this layer right here. 237 00:09:40.480 --> 00:09:42.460 This is a really important layer not to go past. 238 00:09:42.460 --> 00:09:45.330 Just go to that or just a little bit short of that 239 00:09:45.330 --> 00:09:47.460 and the winglet should be parallel, 240 00:09:47.460 --> 00:09:49.420 going the same direction as the main wing crease, 241 00:09:49.420 --> 00:09:51.810 this little crease here making the winglet, 242 00:09:51.810 --> 00:09:54.400 same direction as the main wing crease. 243 00:09:54.400 --> 00:09:57.940 Let's flip it over, make the other winglet match. 244 00:09:57.940 --> 00:10:00.010 Very good, okay, so the folding is now complete, 245 00:10:00.010 --> 00:10:02.130 but it's all about the adjusting on this guy, 246 00:10:02.130 --> 00:10:04.410 even more so than the boomerang one. 247 00:10:04.410 --> 00:10:07.410 We're gonna start by lifting the wings up, 248 00:10:07.410 --> 00:10:09.330 and lay the plane on its back, 249 00:10:09.330 --> 00:10:13.120 and now we're gonna lift up those landing gear folds. 250 00:10:13.120 --> 00:10:14.010 Now we can flip it over, 251 00:10:14.010 --> 00:10:15.190 now we're looking at the top of the plane, 252 00:10:15.190 --> 00:10:16.913 now let's lift those winglets up. 253 00:10:18.760 --> 00:10:20.430 Now you're gonna do a couple of things to this plane 254 00:10:20.430 --> 00:10:22.360 that you would never to do any other paper airplane 255 00:10:22.360 --> 00:10:23.770 because this guy flies a lot slower 256 00:10:23.770 --> 00:10:25.200 and it doesn't fly very far. 257 00:10:25.200 --> 00:10:26.730 Step number one is to make 258 00:10:26.730 --> 00:10:28.470 a weird adjustment on the nose here. 259 00:10:28.470 --> 00:10:32.940 We're actually gonna bend the nose down a little bit 260 00:10:32.940 --> 00:10:34.700 like that so that 261 00:10:36.640 --> 00:10:39.150 the nose intersects the wing crease 262 00:10:39.150 --> 00:10:40.980 with this weird little bend here. 263 00:10:40.980 --> 00:10:42.780 That's important when the plane is upside down, 264 00:10:42.780 --> 00:10:43.613 believe it or not. 265 00:10:43.613 --> 00:10:45.650 This little bit of a trick right here 266 00:10:45.650 --> 00:10:48.450 helps keep the nose up when the plane is upside down. 267 00:10:48.450 --> 00:10:49.740 The other we're gonna do which you would never do 268 00:10:49.740 --> 00:10:52.140 to any other paper airplane is 269 00:10:52.140 --> 00:10:54.813 work the main center crease back and forth. 270 00:10:54.813 --> 00:10:56.623 Flex it back and forth a bunch. 271 00:10:57.820 --> 00:11:00.570 There it is, the boomerang two, ready to fly. 272 00:11:00.570 --> 00:11:03.153 [upbeat music] 273 00:11:08.927 --> 00:11:09.820 Ready to do the bat plane 274 00:11:09.820 --> 00:11:12.270 which did not start out to be the bat plane. 275 00:11:12.270 --> 00:11:13.670 I think this is the second plane that we're doing 276 00:11:13.670 --> 00:11:16.240 that didn't start out to be whatever I wanted it to be. 277 00:11:16.240 --> 00:11:18.070 The first thing we're gonna do is take creases 278 00:11:18.070 --> 00:11:21.107 from this corner to this corner, the long diagonal here. 279 00:11:21.107 --> 00:11:22.700 Here we go, we're gonna fold 280 00:11:22.700 --> 00:11:24.300 from this corner to this corner. 281 00:11:26.466 --> 00:11:28.316 It may take you a little bit of time. 282 00:11:29.530 --> 00:11:30.789 I got pretty close. 283 00:11:30.789 --> 00:11:32.380 Now we're gonna open that up. 284 00:11:32.380 --> 00:11:33.620 We've got this corner to this corner, 285 00:11:33.620 --> 00:11:35.920 now we're gonna do this corner to this corner. 286 00:11:37.800 --> 00:11:39.520 I'm using my thumb nail to sharpen these creases, 287 00:11:39.520 --> 00:11:40.720 you could use a folding tool, 288 00:11:40.720 --> 00:11:42.850 some people like to use a ballpoint pen cap. 289 00:11:42.850 --> 00:11:44.510 Now we've got a big X in the page 290 00:11:44.510 --> 00:11:46.650 and we're gonna make a crease that hits the center 291 00:11:46.650 --> 00:11:48.560 of both of these outside edges here. 292 00:11:48.560 --> 00:11:50.610 Just flip it over and we're gonna fold it in half 293 00:11:50.610 --> 00:11:53.607 just like you would start almost any regular paper airplane, 294 00:11:53.607 --> 00:11:56.190 that crease is gonna go just like that. 295 00:11:56.190 --> 00:11:58.620 We're gonna do what's called a water bomb base. 296 00:11:58.620 --> 00:12:00.480 This crease that we just made down the center, 297 00:12:00.480 --> 00:12:02.720 just press right straight down 298 00:12:02.720 --> 00:12:04.650 where all of the creases meet 299 00:12:04.650 --> 00:12:07.460 just until the paper pops like that. 300 00:12:07.460 --> 00:12:12.190 Now let the sides come in and the top come down. 301 00:12:12.190 --> 00:12:14.760 The next move is to take the right hand side 302 00:12:14.760 --> 00:12:17.460 and just following this layer underneath here, 303 00:12:17.460 --> 00:12:18.490 we're just gonna move it over. 304 00:12:18.490 --> 00:12:19.350 You can move this, 305 00:12:19.350 --> 00:12:22.350 think of just moving it as far as you can move it really. 306 00:12:22.350 --> 00:12:23.470 Moving that layer over, 307 00:12:23.470 --> 00:12:26.113 now we're gonna take this corner and move it to the top. 308 00:12:29.700 --> 00:12:31.230 Now we're gonna swivel the whole thing 309 00:12:31.230 --> 00:12:33.463 back to the right hand side that it came from. 310 00:12:34.520 --> 00:12:36.060 We're gonna do the same thing with the left side, 311 00:12:36.060 --> 00:12:37.660 we're gonna swing this guy over. 312 00:12:44.910 --> 00:12:45.743 Looking pretty good, 313 00:12:45.743 --> 00:12:46.990 you can see the shape is starting to form. 314 00:12:46.990 --> 00:12:48.740 Now we're just gonna add a little more weight to the nose 315 00:12:48.740 --> 00:12:52.630 by taking this top down to the bottom, 316 00:12:52.630 --> 00:12:54.013 just folding straight down. 317 00:12:55.020 --> 00:12:57.940 Now we're gonna fold about a third of this distance here, 318 00:12:57.940 --> 00:12:59.610 we're gonna fold this guy back up. 319 00:12:59.610 --> 00:13:01.340 How can you tell how much a third is? 320 00:13:01.340 --> 00:13:05.290 Well, the part on top of this crease 321 00:13:05.290 --> 00:13:07.370 and below the crease will be the same distance, 322 00:13:07.370 --> 00:13:09.160 that's how you can tell how much a third is. 323 00:13:09.160 --> 00:13:10.610 Okay we're gonna flip it over 324 00:13:11.830 --> 00:13:12.850 and we're gonna fold it in half. 325 00:13:12.850 --> 00:13:15.623 I'm just rotating a little bit so I can fold it in half. 326 00:13:15.623 --> 00:13:19.120 Again, match up these corners here, these guys here, 327 00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:21.980 match those guys up, don't worry about the center, 328 00:13:21.980 --> 00:13:24.620 these corners here so much, don't worry about those. 329 00:13:24.620 --> 00:13:27.490 All right, now there's a little bit of mojo here 330 00:13:27.490 --> 00:13:29.410 with making the main wing crease 331 00:13:29.410 --> 00:13:31.760 and you really wanna hit it where the layers, 332 00:13:31.760 --> 00:13:32.987 there's a little gap in the layers, 333 00:13:32.987 --> 00:13:34.350 and you can kinda feel that. 334 00:13:34.350 --> 00:13:35.850 If you just pivot the wing over a little bit, 335 00:13:35.850 --> 00:13:37.730 you can start to feel where the loose part is. 336 00:13:37.730 --> 00:13:39.170 Just let that fold happen right there 337 00:13:39.170 --> 00:13:40.500 where the loose part is. 338 00:13:40.500 --> 00:13:42.190 Flip it over and now make the other wing match. 339 00:13:42.190 --> 00:13:45.202 The other wing should move down in a very similar way. 340 00:13:45.202 --> 00:13:46.820 We're gonna take this long edge 341 00:13:46.820 --> 00:13:48.820 and put it against this edge right here. 342 00:13:50.870 --> 00:13:52.524 We're gonna unfold that. 343 00:13:52.524 --> 00:13:53.890 Then we're gonna take the shorter edge up here 344 00:13:53.890 --> 00:13:57.153 and move it right against the same raw edge here, so. 345 00:13:59.390 --> 00:14:02.370 And now you've got this crazy looking thing here 346 00:14:02.370 --> 00:14:03.620 and we're gonna pinch 347 00:14:05.960 --> 00:14:07.500 that corner together like that. 348 00:14:07.500 --> 00:14:09.893 Okay let's flip it over and make the other wing match. 349 00:14:13.350 --> 00:14:15.820 Now we're looking at the underside of the plane 350 00:14:15.820 --> 00:14:17.460 and we're gonna fold them over, 351 00:14:17.460 --> 00:14:21.850 start at this corner and go over about, 352 00:14:21.850 --> 00:14:24.200 so that you're three millimeters at the trailing edge. 353 00:14:24.200 --> 00:14:26.397 So it's a really thin little slice of wing here 354 00:14:26.397 --> 00:14:28.130 and you're gonna do both sides. 355 00:14:28.130 --> 00:14:30.900 You could hold the wings together like this 356 00:14:30.900 --> 00:14:32.700 and make sure that they match. 357 00:14:32.700 --> 00:14:34.190 Now we're gonna use our thumb 358 00:14:34.190 --> 00:14:37.380 and kind of round off the leading edge here. 359 00:14:37.380 --> 00:14:40.970 This is an important adjustment, keeps all of the layers 360 00:14:40.970 --> 00:14:43.620 on the wing go in the same direction 361 00:14:43.620 --> 00:14:45.220 and kind of locked together a little bit. 362 00:14:45.220 --> 00:14:47.270 We folded with heavier paper 363 00:14:47.270 --> 00:14:49.210 to get you through the folding process first time, 364 00:14:49.210 --> 00:14:51.470 but this thing really flaps so much better 365 00:14:51.470 --> 00:14:53.740 if you use a really lightweight paper like 366 00:14:53.740 --> 00:14:56.250 nine pound onion skin or if you can find 367 00:14:56.250 --> 00:14:58.440 one of those things called a phone book, 368 00:14:58.440 --> 00:15:00.470 you can go back in time and find a phone book, 369 00:15:00.470 --> 00:15:02.570 rip out the pages, that's really nice lightweight paper 370 00:15:02.570 --> 00:15:03.430 that flaps really well. 371 00:15:03.430 --> 00:15:07.340 The key here is to get the leading edges 372 00:15:07.340 --> 00:15:09.370 kind of locked together with a little curve there 373 00:15:09.370 --> 00:15:12.190 and you'll have to play with the leading edge droop 374 00:15:12.190 --> 00:15:14.300 and the trailing edge up elevator 375 00:15:14.300 --> 00:15:15.659 to get the right flapping motion. 376 00:15:15.659 --> 00:15:18.826 [upbeat, jazzy music] 377 00:15:26.850 --> 00:15:28.260 We're gonna do the tumbling wing next 378 00:15:28.260 --> 00:15:30.430 which really isn't an airplane at all 379 00:15:30.430 --> 00:15:31.660 in the conventional sense. 380 00:15:31.660 --> 00:15:33.180 It's not made to fly so much as 381 00:15:33.180 --> 00:15:36.500 it is just gonna fall in an organized fashion. 382 00:15:36.500 --> 00:15:38.580 We're gonna take one strip of paper here. 383 00:15:38.580 --> 00:15:40.283 It's about two inches wide 384 00:15:40.283 --> 00:15:42.480 and the length of a phone book page, 385 00:15:42.480 --> 00:15:45.010 around 200 millimeters by 50 millimeters 386 00:15:45.010 --> 00:15:46.590 if you're into the whole metric thing. 387 00:15:46.590 --> 00:15:47.440 The first move we're gonna do 388 00:15:47.440 --> 00:15:49.490 is just fold that strip of paper in half. 389 00:15:51.790 --> 00:15:55.160 Now we're gonna fold down about two millimeters, 390 00:15:55.160 --> 00:15:57.350 both edges together, we're gonna hold this guy together 391 00:15:57.350 --> 00:16:00.880 as we fold both edges down about two millimeters, 392 00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:03.530 two to three millimeters, just right straight across. 393 00:16:05.400 --> 00:16:07.740 Take your time, okay, so that's really the hardest move 394 00:16:07.740 --> 00:16:10.120 is to fold both of those top layers down at the same time. 395 00:16:10.120 --> 00:16:11.940 Now we're gonna unfold everything, 396 00:16:11.940 --> 00:16:14.934 those two top layers and the center layer. 397 00:16:14.934 --> 00:16:17.670 Now we're gonna put a winglet on either end. 398 00:16:17.670 --> 00:16:20.810 One end is gonna go up and one end is gonna go down. 399 00:16:20.810 --> 00:16:24.050 We're just gonna fold over about a thumb width, 400 00:16:24.050 --> 00:16:28.160 so that's gonna be, you know, 20 to 22 millimeters. 401 00:16:28.160 --> 00:16:31.960 Flip it over and then fold this up. 402 00:16:31.960 --> 00:16:34.960 What we've really got here is one end up and one end down 403 00:16:34.960 --> 00:16:38.033 and you wanna make these guys have 90 degree bends here. 404 00:16:38.033 --> 00:16:40.670 When we're getting ready to get this guy to tumble, 405 00:16:40.670 --> 00:16:45.210 this top edge is gonna point the direction of travel. 406 00:16:45.210 --> 00:16:47.210 If this top edge is pointing away from me, 407 00:16:47.210 --> 00:16:49.290 the plane's gonna rotate backwards 408 00:16:49.290 --> 00:16:51.780 and move forward like that. 409 00:16:51.780 --> 00:16:54.380 The other trick to getting it to fly straight 410 00:16:54.380 --> 00:16:56.420 is to watch the wing droop here. 411 00:16:56.420 --> 00:16:57.340 What do I mean by wing droop? 412 00:16:57.340 --> 00:17:00.880 Well you've got one long edge down, one long edge up, 413 00:17:00.880 --> 00:17:03.130 so if it's turning to the right, 414 00:17:03.130 --> 00:17:04.360 look we can make it turn to the right 415 00:17:04.360 --> 00:17:06.210 if we just add a lot more 416 00:17:07.440 --> 00:17:09.400 angle on one edge than the other, 417 00:17:09.400 --> 00:17:12.610 now when I throw it, it's gonna veer off to the right, 418 00:17:12.610 --> 00:17:15.683 so if it's veering off to the right, smooth that out. 419 00:17:17.160 --> 00:17:19.910 So again, top edge pointed the direction of travel, 420 00:17:19.910 --> 00:17:23.410 and we're just gonna drop it and let it tumble. 421 00:17:23.410 --> 00:17:24.720 There it goes. 422 00:17:24.720 --> 00:17:26.580 This plane has such a low sink rate 423 00:17:26.580 --> 00:17:28.019 that you can counter that sink rate 424 00:17:28.019 --> 00:17:30.490 by walking forward with a piece of cardboard 425 00:17:30.490 --> 00:17:32.770 with the top of the cardboard leaned slightly back, 426 00:17:32.770 --> 00:17:34.290 you're scooping up air, 427 00:17:34.290 --> 00:17:35.920 and as long as that air's moving up 428 00:17:35.920 --> 00:17:37.240 the same speed the plane's moving down, 429 00:17:37.240 --> 00:17:39.290 it surfs right there on that wave of air. 430 00:17:42.360 --> 00:17:44.250 This is gonna be the world record plane, 431 00:17:44.250 --> 00:17:46.410 it's named after my wife, it's named Susanne. 432 00:17:46.410 --> 00:17:47.670 Short side of the paper up, 433 00:17:47.670 --> 00:17:49.190 we're gonna take the top of the page 434 00:17:49.190 --> 00:17:50.860 and put it against the side of the page. 435 00:17:50.860 --> 00:17:52.960 We're gonna make two diagonal folds here, 436 00:17:52.960 --> 00:17:54.560 standard kind of diagonal folds. 437 00:18:01.240 --> 00:18:02.640 We're gonna take the right hand edge 438 00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:04.400 just from the crease corner down to where this crease 439 00:18:04.400 --> 00:18:05.480 meets the edge of the page 440 00:18:05.480 --> 00:18:08.680 and we're gonna lay it against the diagonal fold. 441 00:18:08.680 --> 00:18:10.130 We're gonna take this creased corner 442 00:18:10.130 --> 00:18:12.933 and bring it just to the end of this crease right here. 443 00:18:15.450 --> 00:18:17.850 Fold the top down 444 00:18:17.850 --> 00:18:20.340 and now you'll see those diagonal folds on the other side. 445 00:18:20.340 --> 00:18:22.230 What you'll wanna do is line up the diagonal folds, 446 00:18:22.230 --> 00:18:23.500 the top layer of the diagonal 447 00:18:23.500 --> 00:18:25.430 with the very bottom layer of the diagonal 448 00:18:25.430 --> 00:18:27.740 on both sides, and that's how you know 449 00:18:27.740 --> 00:18:30.560 you're hitting the center of the X dead center. 450 00:18:30.560 --> 00:18:32.320 What I find to be the easiest way to do it 451 00:18:32.320 --> 00:18:33.690 is to follow the creases on this side, 452 00:18:33.690 --> 00:18:35.757 but if you can see them clearly on the other side 453 00:18:35.757 --> 00:18:38.657 and that works for you, go ahead and use it, flip it over. 454 00:18:42.950 --> 00:18:44.150 We're gonna take this flap right here 455 00:18:44.150 --> 00:18:46.430 and fold it up over those two corners 456 00:18:46.430 --> 00:18:48.570 and when we do the next move to fold the plane in half, 457 00:18:48.570 --> 00:18:50.270 the whole thing will be locked together. 458 00:18:50.270 --> 00:18:52.420 Let's fold from the top all the way down 459 00:18:52.420 --> 00:18:54.910 to the center of this edge to fold the plane in half. 460 00:18:54.910 --> 00:18:56.100 You can flip it over 461 00:18:58.900 --> 00:19:01.840 and make sure the rear corners and the nose are perfect. 462 00:19:01.840 --> 00:19:04.140 The center corners, don't worry so much about. 463 00:19:05.350 --> 00:19:07.480 Don't spend a lot of time trying to line those guys up. 464 00:19:07.480 --> 00:19:08.540 The rear corners, 465 00:19:08.540 --> 00:19:10.670 and make sure you're hitting the nose cleanly. 466 00:19:10.670 --> 00:19:12.340 Now here's the pro way to do it, 467 00:19:12.340 --> 00:19:13.610 makes your wings a little bit wider, 468 00:19:13.610 --> 00:19:15.374 makes the plane a more efficient glider. 469 00:19:15.374 --> 00:19:18.470 If you start here and don't make the crease, 470 00:19:18.470 --> 00:19:21.230 but see, you've got a little triangle that you can see here 471 00:19:21.230 --> 00:19:24.600 made up from this raw edge and the back of the fuselage. 472 00:19:24.600 --> 00:19:26.360 If you keep pulling the wing down 473 00:19:26.360 --> 00:19:28.387 just until that triangle disappears, 474 00:19:28.387 --> 00:19:31.810 that is a much better place to make the wing crease, 475 00:19:31.810 --> 00:19:33.680 it makes the tail much broader, 476 00:19:33.680 --> 00:19:36.110 gives you much better lifting characteristics. 477 00:19:36.110 --> 00:19:38.510 Let's make the other wing match, 478 00:19:38.510 --> 00:19:39.910 that should be an easy task. 479 00:19:43.670 --> 00:19:44.970 Press it flat, keep going. 480 00:19:46.010 --> 00:19:48.030 You've just folded the world record plane, so clearly, 481 00:19:48.030 --> 00:19:49.850 it's not true that you can't fold a good plane. 482 00:19:49.850 --> 00:19:51.677 Let's look at a couple of simple adjustments 483 00:19:51.677 --> 00:19:53.180 that are gonna work on this plane 484 00:19:53.180 --> 00:19:55.030 or almost any other paper airplane. 485 00:19:55.030 --> 00:19:56.740 The first thing we do, 486 00:19:56.740 --> 00:19:59.550 we're gonna give it what's called positive dihedral angle 487 00:19:59.550 --> 00:20:02.300 and what that does, when you hold onto it 488 00:20:02.300 --> 00:20:04.820 where all the layers lock and just lift the leading edge 489 00:20:04.820 --> 00:20:07.538 of the wings, now you've got some upwards sweep there 490 00:20:07.538 --> 00:20:09.778 and what that does is put the lifting surface 491 00:20:09.778 --> 00:20:11.430 up over where all the weight is. 492 00:20:11.430 --> 00:20:12.760 So if the plane is flying along 493 00:20:12.760 --> 00:20:14.550 and it gets rocked to one side, 494 00:20:14.550 --> 00:20:16.170 just like pendulum, [makes swooshing noise] 495 00:20:16.170 --> 00:20:17.950 the weight swings back underneath the wings, 496 00:20:17.950 --> 00:20:19.810 and that's called dead stick stability, 497 00:20:19.810 --> 00:20:24.114 so now the plane is gonna fly along, the lift is back here 498 00:20:24.114 --> 00:20:26.920 that pitches the nose downward as the plane's going forward. 499 00:20:26.920 --> 00:20:27.753 What does that do? 500 00:20:27.753 --> 00:20:29.530 That allows me to gain speed. 501 00:20:29.530 --> 00:20:30.900 The plane's being slowed, 502 00:20:30.900 --> 00:20:32.250 now I'm pointing the nose at the ground, 503 00:20:32.250 --> 00:20:35.050 gaining speed, which is good but now 504 00:20:35.050 --> 00:20:37.550 I keep gaining speed at 9.8 meters per second, 505 00:20:37.550 --> 00:20:39.610 it's gonna crash into the ground really hard, 506 00:20:39.610 --> 00:20:43.020 so I bend in some up elevator back here 507 00:20:43.020 --> 00:20:45.510 and the air goes down the top of the wing, 508 00:20:45.510 --> 00:20:48.710 hits that bend, gets kicked up which pushes the tail down, 509 00:20:48.710 --> 00:20:52.370 which lifts the nose and voila, now the nose is level again. 510 00:20:52.370 --> 00:20:55.480 So enough up elevators so at the right speed, 511 00:20:55.480 --> 00:20:56.960 the plane nose is up enough 512 00:20:56.960 --> 00:20:59.260 to just achieve horizontal stability. 513 00:20:59.260 --> 00:21:01.110 That's the whole trick with any glider. 514 00:21:01.110 --> 00:21:02.350 You're constantly balancing 515 00:21:02.350 --> 00:21:04.200 that center of gravity, center of lift, 516 00:21:04.200 --> 00:21:06.940 and a little bit of up elevator to get that perfect flight, 517 00:21:06.940 --> 00:21:09.323 and that's how you break a world record. 518 00:21:10.223 --> 00:21:13.556 [upbeat, playful music]