WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.532 --> 00:00:03.299 [light piano music] 2 00:00:03.299 --> 00:00:06.549 [lively music playing] 3 00:00:10.895 --> 00:00:13.728 [people chanting] 4 00:00:15.810 --> 00:00:17.367 In the aftermath of the Islamic State, 5 00:00:17.367 --> 00:00:18.890 the Iraqi government's response 6 00:00:18.890 --> 00:00:21.590 has really to see any who's in any way 7 00:00:21.590 --> 00:00:23.730 affiliated as tainted. 8 00:00:23.730 --> 00:00:26.380 So if you're a male of fighting age, 9 00:00:26.380 --> 00:00:29.253 you're suspected automatically of ISIS affiliation. 10 00:00:30.290 --> 00:00:31.630 And so, they've collected these lists 11 00:00:31.630 --> 00:00:34.750 of tens of thousands, perhaps over 100,000 names. 12 00:00:34.750 --> 00:00:36.420 Sometimes names are added to the list 13 00:00:36.420 --> 00:00:38.070 because of workplace disputes 14 00:00:38.070 --> 00:00:40.623 or because of personal disputes or tribal disputes. 15 00:00:42.294 --> 00:00:46.057 [light electronic music] 16 00:00:46.057 --> 00:00:48.974 [car horn honking] 17 00:00:50.300 --> 00:00:53.430 Almost all of the convictions and death sentences 18 00:00:53.430 --> 00:00:57.300 are issued on the basis of confessions, 19 00:00:57.300 --> 00:01:01.830 line:15% which every suspect says was extracted through torture. 20 00:01:01.830 --> 00:01:04.040 And it's visible, the torture is visible on their bodies. 21 00:01:04.040 --> 00:01:07.270 They have scars, they have broken bones, 22 00:01:07.270 --> 00:01:09.080 and then the prosecutor would stand and say, 23 00:01:09.080 --> 00:01:12.150 enough evidence, I've asked for a guilty verdict. 24 00:01:12.150 --> 00:01:15.970 Within five minutes of walking into a courtroom, 25 00:01:15.970 --> 00:01:18.883 some of the suspects were sentenced to death. 26 00:01:19.750 --> 00:01:22.170 Already, thousands of ISIS suspects 27 00:01:22.170 --> 00:01:23.890 have been tried in courts 28 00:01:23.890 --> 00:01:25.740 and hundreds have been executed, 29 00:01:25.740 --> 00:01:28.170 but this is just a small fraction 30 00:01:28.170 --> 00:01:30.930 of the people they've actually detained. 31 00:01:30.930 --> 00:01:33.847 [bombs detonating] 32 00:01:39.728 --> 00:01:43.978 [people speaking foreign language] 33 00:01:46.510 --> 00:01:47.630 During the Battle for Mosul, 34 00:01:47.630 --> 00:01:50.100 a lot of Iraqi security forces 35 00:01:50.100 --> 00:01:53.000 were exacting personal vengeance. 36 00:01:53.000 --> 00:01:55.803 Some of them had lost family members to the Islamic State. 37 00:01:57.550 --> 00:02:00.470 You had scenes, really sort of gruesome scenes, 38 00:02:00.470 --> 00:02:02.680 through villages like Qayyarah, 39 00:02:02.680 --> 00:02:04.900 where the Iraqi government and security forces 40 00:02:04.900 --> 00:02:07.270 executed captives and then tied them 41 00:02:07.270 --> 00:02:10.063 to the back of cars and dragged them through the streets. 42 00:02:11.260 --> 00:02:13.040 And you had villagers who, 43 00:02:13.040 --> 00:02:15.243 it's unclear to what extent they were 44 00:02:15.243 --> 00:02:16.910 taking vengeance on ISIS 45 00:02:16.910 --> 00:02:17.950 and to what extent they were just trying 46 00:02:17.950 --> 00:02:19.890 to prove to the soldiers that they weren't affiliated, 47 00:02:19.890 --> 00:02:21.370 but they were going through and cheering 48 00:02:21.370 --> 00:02:22.790 as the bodies were dragged through, 49 00:02:22.790 --> 00:02:26.030 kicking the bodies, children kicking the bodies. 50 00:02:26.030 --> 00:02:27.750 There was a man who climbed on top 51 00:02:27.750 --> 00:02:30.913 of one of the bodies and was surfing on the corpse. 52 00:02:32.300 --> 00:02:34.840 In carrying out vigilante justice, 53 00:02:34.840 --> 00:02:37.440 the Iraqi security forces, on many occasions, 54 00:02:37.440 --> 00:02:39.440 were consciously mirroring 55 00:02:39.440 --> 00:02:41.063 the Islamic State's worst acts. 56 00:02:43.510 --> 00:02:46.670 As part of the vengeance-based response, 57 00:02:46.670 --> 00:02:49.180 Iraq's state television channel, Al Iraqiya, 58 00:02:49.180 --> 00:02:51.293 runs a show called In the Grip of the Law, 59 00:02:53.040 --> 00:02:54.320 and the whole premise of the show 60 00:02:54.320 --> 00:02:58.890 is to parade convicted terrorists on camera 61 00:02:58.890 --> 00:03:00.810 and force them to confess to the things 62 00:03:00.810 --> 00:03:01.810 that they had done 63 00:03:01.810 --> 00:03:03.925 line:15% or that they had been accused of. 64 00:03:03.925 --> 00:03:07.317 line:15% [speaking foreign language] 65 00:03:07.317 --> 00:03:09.190 line:15% [dramatic music] 66 00:03:09.190 --> 00:03:10.650 And so, you'll have scenes where 67 00:03:10.650 --> 00:03:14.130 a terrified man is forced to, 68 00:03:14.130 --> 00:03:15.600 he'll be taken to the side of a car 69 00:03:15.600 --> 00:03:17.460 and told, okay, show us how you put 70 00:03:17.460 --> 00:03:19.780 the detonator in the glove box of the car 71 00:03:19.780 --> 00:03:21.550 and he'd sort of go through the motions 72 00:03:21.550 --> 00:03:22.700 as if he had done this, 73 00:03:23.630 --> 00:03:26.303 and then he'd be harassed by the security services, 74 00:03:26.303 --> 00:03:28.231 there'll be times where they'll kneel 75 00:03:28.231 --> 00:03:30.340 before a line of armed men 76 00:03:30.340 --> 00:03:31.340 and it looks like they're about to be 77 00:03:31.340 --> 00:03:32.563 executed themselves. 78 00:03:34.740 --> 00:03:36.260 It's very possible that some of these guys 79 00:03:36.260 --> 00:03:37.350 did carry out these crimes, 80 00:03:37.350 --> 00:03:38.870 but it's very hard to know 81 00:03:38.870 --> 00:03:40.270 because the format of the thing 82 00:03:40.270 --> 00:03:41.990 really suggests that these interviews 83 00:03:41.990 --> 00:03:43.570 are not voluntary 84 00:03:43.570 --> 00:03:45.270 line:15% and these people are on death row. 85 00:03:46.280 --> 00:03:49.947 line:15% [speaking foreign language] 86 00:03:54.580 --> 00:03:55.910 The host of the show told me 87 00:03:55.910 --> 00:03:57.100 that three to four million people 88 00:03:57.100 --> 00:03:59.200 watch every Friday night. 89 00:03:59.200 --> 00:04:01.170 It is, in any case, very popular 90 00:04:01.170 --> 00:04:03.900 and fueling a lot of the sectarian tensions 91 00:04:03.900 --> 00:04:07.563 and outrage that have driven this war in the first place. 92 00:04:13.920 --> 00:04:16.303 I left Iraq in late August. 93 00:04:17.230 --> 00:04:20.660 Here, we have another blown-up, twisted vehicle. 94 00:04:20.660 --> 00:04:22.700 Inside these three houses, 95 00:04:22.700 --> 00:04:25.670 they found four bodies today. 96 00:04:25.670 --> 00:04:27.410 I really wasn't expecting to see 97 00:04:27.410 --> 00:04:29.770 that scale of destruction in Mosul. 98 00:04:29.770 --> 00:04:32.070 The battle had ended more than a year earlier. 99 00:04:33.178 --> 00:04:36.595 [light orchestral music] 100 00:04:37.870 --> 00:04:39.560 One of the people I met in the Old City 101 00:04:39.560 --> 00:04:43.150 was looking for things to salvage from his old home, 102 00:04:43.150 --> 00:04:45.160 and as we're going up, he points under 103 00:04:45.160 --> 00:04:46.500 a basement hole and he's like, see, 104 00:04:46.500 --> 00:04:48.454 there's a dead ISIS fighter in there, 105 00:04:48.454 --> 00:04:49.914 and sure enough, there were some feet 106 00:04:49.914 --> 00:04:50.747 and you could see the rest. 107 00:04:50.747 --> 00:04:53.010 The floor's covered in bits of concrete and rubble, 108 00:04:53.010 --> 00:04:55.390 and I knocked over a piece of concrete 109 00:04:55.390 --> 00:04:59.780 and underneath it was an IED, improvised explosive device. 110 00:04:59.780 --> 00:05:01.470 It was right there. 111 00:05:01.470 --> 00:05:03.429 And then I paused and took a 112 00:05:03.429 --> 00:05:06.090 closer look at the ground around me. 113 00:05:06.090 --> 00:05:07.700 There's detonators. 114 00:05:07.700 --> 00:05:08.750 These are detonators, right? 115 00:05:08.750 --> 00:05:10.600 There's a bunch of shells. 116 00:05:10.600 --> 00:05:12.803 Military boots, detonator cord over there. 117 00:05:15.020 --> 00:05:17.849 Last month, a child was blown up 118 00:05:17.849 --> 00:05:19.860 walking in the rubble to get home. 119 00:05:19.860 --> 00:05:21.410 This is happening all the time. 120 00:05:22.320 --> 00:05:23.153 Let's get out. 121 00:05:23.153 --> 00:05:24.540 Is it good to go? 122 00:05:24.540 --> 00:05:25.630 No, don't touch that. 123 00:05:25.630 --> 00:05:26.543 Do not touch that. 124 00:05:28.046 --> 00:05:30.530 [dramatic music] 125 00:05:30.530 --> 00:05:33.920 I spoke to a woman who identified herself as Msalay. 126 00:05:33.920 --> 00:05:35.390 ISIS took over her village. 127 00:05:35.390 --> 00:05:37.910 Her husband's brothers joined the group, 128 00:05:37.910 --> 00:05:39.840 but her husband didn't. 129 00:05:39.840 --> 00:05:41.280 She lived under the Islamic State. 130 00:05:41.280 --> 00:05:42.670 She didn't trust the Iraqi government, 131 00:05:42.670 --> 00:05:44.780 so when ISIS told them to flee to Mosul, 132 00:05:44.780 --> 00:05:46.750 they came with ISIS to Mosul, 133 00:05:46.750 --> 00:05:48.290 but still had no affiliation with the group, 134 00:05:48.290 --> 00:05:50.900 didn't trust them, didn't like them. 135 00:05:50.900 --> 00:05:53.730 When they fled the final days of the battle in the Old City, 136 00:05:53.730 --> 00:05:56.256 she got separated from her husband. 137 00:05:56.256 --> 00:05:58.737 [speaking foreign language] 138 00:05:58.737 --> 00:06:01.320 [gun rattling] 139 00:06:02.740 --> 00:06:04.710 On the way, traveling with their children, 140 00:06:04.710 --> 00:06:07.970 she was harassed by militia members at checkpoints. 141 00:06:07.970 --> 00:06:09.410 She was told by an Iraqi soldier 142 00:06:09.410 --> 00:06:11.640 that he would burn her if the Americans 143 00:06:11.640 --> 00:06:13.340 weren't standing behind him. 144 00:06:13.340 --> 00:06:15.193 Her husband never showed up at the camp. 145 00:06:16.224 --> 00:06:18.974 [daunting music] 146 00:06:20.220 --> 00:06:21.540 He was detained 'cause he was suspected 147 00:06:21.540 --> 00:06:22.990 of ISIS affiliation 148 00:06:22.990 --> 00:06:24.930 because his brothers had joined the group. 149 00:06:24.930 --> 00:06:26.280 So now, all of a sudden, 150 00:06:26.280 --> 00:06:28.920 she's sent to a sector of the camp 151 00:06:28.920 --> 00:06:30.660 that's filled with ISIS widows. 152 00:06:30.660 --> 00:06:33.180 Her children are treated as if their father 153 00:06:33.180 --> 00:06:35.280 was an ISIS member, even though he wasn't. 154 00:06:36.200 --> 00:06:39.070 One of he children was born under the Islamic State 155 00:06:39.070 --> 00:06:41.750 and they're being isolated and treated 156 00:06:41.750 --> 00:06:43.263 as terrorists from birth. 157 00:06:45.560 --> 00:06:49.453 By isolating a generation of children, 158 00:06:50.770 --> 00:06:53.630 subjecting their mothers, in many cases, 159 00:06:53.630 --> 00:06:55.850 to sexual assault in the camps 160 00:06:55.850 --> 00:06:57.420 or forcing them into prostitution 161 00:06:57.420 --> 00:06:59.420 in order to feed their children 162 00:06:59.420 --> 00:07:02.663 because otherwise, they won't be given food aid, 163 00:07:04.180 --> 00:07:06.880 this is creating the conditions for the next conflict. 164 00:07:10.119 --> 00:07:13.360 [lively music playing] 165 00:07:13.360 --> 00:07:14.680 Iraq is now entering 166 00:07:14.680 --> 00:07:18.090 one of the most delicate moments in its history 167 00:07:18.090 --> 00:07:21.160 because to the extent that ISIS did function as a state, 168 00:07:21.160 --> 00:07:23.060 it was entirely predatory, 169 00:07:23.060 --> 00:07:26.644 but now, it lives on as an idea. 170 00:07:26.644 --> 00:07:29.561 [low string music] 171 00:07:31.840 --> 00:07:34.200 The Iraqi government, essentially, 172 00:07:34.200 --> 00:07:37.840 has bet on the idea that you can 173 00:07:37.840 --> 00:07:41.550 eradicate the group by isolating 174 00:07:41.550 --> 00:07:44.823 family members and killing suspected members. 175 00:07:46.470 --> 00:07:47.683 It's never worked. 176 00:07:49.050 --> 00:07:51.163 It seems impossible that it will work now.