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5G may seem like
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the inevitable next step after 4G, but in reality,
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this generational transition in cellular networking
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is a complex effort decades in the making.
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It is a different kind of a G,
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and therefore, we spend a lot of time trying to explain,
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by the way, it's not just more G,
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it's actually about expansion of cellular technology
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into a large number of new vertical industries.
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And so, in that sense, it is fundamentally different.
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Wired Brand Lab visited
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the Qualcomm Headquarters in San Diego, home to the R&D team
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that invented the foundational technologies of 5G.
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Our first question.
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What does it mean when we move to a new G?
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Every time we make one of these transitions,
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you know, whether it's from analog to digital,
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digital voice to data, and so forth,
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we call that a generation change.
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We've been working on mobile for 30 years.
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It really culminated in the smart phone.
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So now we have a chance to hit the reset button,
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make a bunch of changes, and then that allows us
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to add all these things that we wanted
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to add into 4G that we couldn't.
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One of the most noticeable changes
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between 4G and 5G will be the enhancement
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of mobile broadband experiences.
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This wasn't easy to do.
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In fact, it required major technology breakthroughs,
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such as mobilizing millimeter wave for smartphones.
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So one way to think about that 5G big leap
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is the notion of how much communications you can do.
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The volume of data, the higher data rates,
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the lower latency, so we know,
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we understand megabits per second.
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We're now into gigabits per second.
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So how could 5G do higher data rates,
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to move more data faster and more reliably?
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But do it in a way that you have great coverage
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across a cellular network?
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And so a big part was making sure
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it could work in millimeter wave spectrum.
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If you can solve those challenges,
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the capacity is huge.
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Tenfold, twenty fold compared to what you can get with 4G.
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It was interesting because, you know,
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there were a lot of things that were being said about,
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nah, millimeter really doesn't work.
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It doesn't work in long line sight environment.
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And by the way, there's no way it's going to work
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once you put your hands around it.
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Over the years, we systematically solved one problem
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after the other, and I even had a moment a few years back,
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when you know we said, you know what,
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we're actually going to put this, literally,
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in the passenger seat of a mini van
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in New Jersey and we drove around.
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This is as non line of sight as it can get.
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The base station is located over some roof somewhere.
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And we were just driving around, and it still worked.
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But this enhancement
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of mobile broadband is only the beginning.
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5G's capabilities will also help reinvent
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what we think is even possible with wireless technology,
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such as what's known as mission critical services.
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5G was the first time we said,
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you know there are tons of other applications,
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which have nothing to do with
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what we think of as smartphones.
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We're talking of industrial robots.
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This is pipe precision manufacturing,
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they need to be controlled with very low latency.
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And by the way, there are no wires associated with it,
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so you actually need untrialability.
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And it's not so much about gigabit data bits.
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It's about making sure that you're
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within hundreds of microseconds of latency,
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just in terms of the ability to control the equipment.
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If there's an emergency situation,
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and you need to provide high reliability,
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low latency communication,
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you wouldn't want to leave 100 megahertz of spectrum
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sitting around just in case that occurred.
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You're going to want to use
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that mobile spectrum for mobile broadband,
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when you don't need to do ultra liable,
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low latency communication,
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so that brings in multi plexing.
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Doing things at the same time
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in the same spectrum in an efficient way.
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And so that ability to have the low latency traffic
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coexist and what we call puncture into mobile broadband.
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So absolutely we're going to make smartphones
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better connected as part of 5G,
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but we also have to make sure we connect vehicles,
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we connect factories, we connect hospitals,
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we connect schools, we connect cities.
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And then more intelligent transportation framework.
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5G is being built
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as a future innovation platform,
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meaning some of the use cases are just now
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starting to be imagined.
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When we think about AI, we think that the real value
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is going to be unlocked when it's closer to people.
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Think of sensors as digitizing our world.
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And there's an incredible amount of data there.
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The way people experience AI today is mostly in the cloud.
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It's clicking on websites,
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and then what's happening is they're learning about you,
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so that they can give you advertisement.
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Much of that data should be and will be consumed
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at the edge, edge meaning close to people.
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What 5G does is it offers an opportunity
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to have very low latency connection
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to what we call an edge cloud,
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and that edge cloud can aid in computation,
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but it also can provide privacy, security.
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And in combination, we call that the wireless edge.
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We're going to see new kinds of devices pop up.
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We're going to start talking about 5G laptops,
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5G based XR devices, which actually you can wear
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as a head mount or display.
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This is the next generation
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of device categories that are coming in.
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Who's going to dream up the new use case?
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Is it one of the big cloud players today?
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Or is it two 20 year olds sitting in a garage,
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who are thinking, you know what,
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I think I have a very interesting application
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that I can create, and it's going to be relevant to AR.
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So they're not going to build the goggles.
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They're not going to build 5G,
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but they're going to leverage that
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with content that's relevant.
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And that's where some of the real
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interesting opportunities is as I see them.
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Because it's bringing together
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this huge economic opportunity.
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And all of a sudden, that amount of information,
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and how it's shared with people,
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becomes I would say almost limitless.