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I'm Dr. Alexandra Jones,
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founder and chief executive officer
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of Archeology in the Community.
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Today, we're going to be reviewing
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some archeology scenes in films.
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[dynamic music]
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This is "Indiana Jones Raiders of the Lost Ark",
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directed by Steven Spielberg.
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In this famous scene, Indiana Jones tries to capture
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an ancient artifact by replacing it
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with a heavy bag of sand.
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[stones crashing]
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Depending on the site, different cultures
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and the people who've created what was at that time
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a location, have created different things
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or different mechanisms they've put in place
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in order to preserve it.
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So if we think about China, the emperor,
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when he built his tomb,
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he actually built thousands of soldiers.
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And the idea was that, in death,
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these soldiers would actually protect him from anybody
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trying to come and desecrate or disturb his tomb.
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So you do see things historically that have been done,
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but nothing to the extent in which we see in this film.
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So while this is a fun movie,
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and it looks awesome and amazing,
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and all of us would like to have adventures like this,
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this film is actually not rooted in any fact.
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This is not what would take place
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at an archeological site today.
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What's actually taking place is unethical
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and something that none of us would engage in.
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This is "Tomb Raider".
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In this clip, Lara Croft convinces Powell
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to give her the key,
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which will unlock a hidden treasure.
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Why would I try and cheat you out of anything now?
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I need you to get the piece
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so I can steal it from you later.
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One of the things that I would like to put in context
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immediately is a tomb raider is a thief.
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This is somebody who goes in and actually steals artifacts
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instead of preserves them.
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This is the exact opposite of an archeologist.
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So one of the problems initially is the fact that
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people often conflate and confuse the fact
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that Lara Croft is actually an archeologist.
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So as we go through the scenes in this clip,
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what you actually see are two factions of thieves
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fighting against each other for artifacts.
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So in this scene, what I'm actually seeing
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is an intricate ancient lock system,
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in which people are using clues to try
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and essentially break in, the same level as a bank robber,
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break into this lock system
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in order to get at these valuable artifacts.
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They actually are not preserving anything.
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They're damaging everything in the process.
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And on very base level
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this is against everything that archeologists do.
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We wouldn't go in and basically set off ancient lock system,
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which would in turn destroy all the artifacts
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that we really wanna study and preserve,
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because it gives us a lot of insight about this culture,
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and how they actually kept and protected the things
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that were important to them.
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The film directors took a lot of liberties
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with how intricate they made the lock system.
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People did make systems to protect
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the things that they loved and found important,
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and that they revered in their different societies.
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However, I've never seen anything quite this intricate
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where you have water or liquid kind of disappearing,
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melting into something else. So this is a great movie.
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Something very entertaining and wonderful to watch.
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However, I've never seen anything like this in real life
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at an archeological scene, or just in general.
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This is "Mummy Returns", directed by Stephen Sommers.
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In this clip, the O'Connell's are chased by
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waves of water from the Nile,
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after Evelyn disturbs the Bracelet of Anubis.
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So this clip is a total ode to
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why you don't have your child at work.
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You have a child who's in a very dangerous space,
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who is allowed to roam free.
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And then what ends up happening is that
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he destroys the remnants of a whole civilization
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and culture in the course of being unattended.
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Two scientists are going out,
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they're discovering an artifact.
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Written on the box that the artifact is contained within
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is an actual inscription warning people, a protection.
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This is the people from the past
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making their claim that this shouldn't be moved,
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this is important to them, it should be left.
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It's saying, death will come to this person.
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And then what you still see is people taking
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and kind of running off with this.
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And as a result, everything kind of bursting,
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the Nile coming in.
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Now, mind you, this is a movie.
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So this is a far-fetched version of
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what would take place in current day.
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Typically what you see at a archeological site
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might be warnings.
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You may even see objects entombed in multiple rooms behind,
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or in hidden rooms.
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But nothing to the extent of the Nile
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bursting through a room and flooding.
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So in this scene, it's pretty awesome to see that
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the protection that this particular society and community
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created for the artifacts that they found important.
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However, there is a lot of liberties taken in this film.
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Traditionally you would never see something as kind of crazy
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as the Nile busting in and killing people,
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like you see in this scene.
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This is "Encino Man", directed by Les Mayfield.
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In this clip, David and Stoney find a pre-contact bowl
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while digging their swimming pool in the backyard.
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I know what this is, bro.
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What is it?
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It's a Mousterian bowl.
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No way!
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Hey, come on David, be careful with that.
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What's a Mousterian bowl?
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So this clip is pretty funny,
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but there are a couple of things
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that stand out as an archeologist.
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The first thing, they uncover this pre-contact artifact
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and instantly are able to identify it.
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Buddy, this is kinda like prehistoric Tupperware, bro.
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One of the cool things I will say about today's society
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is because we have so many documentaries, and so many shows,
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and so many people go out to museums now,
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there is a small chance that someone
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would be able to identify this artifact.
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The one thing that needs to be done,
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is once they've identified it
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they immediately need put it into a safe space,
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stop handling it, and contact the state archeologist.
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I always tell my students,
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soon as you know that you found an artifact,
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you need to contact the proper authorities.
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So this clip is not so far-fetched in the fact that
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someone is digging in their backyard
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and actually finding artifacts.
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Every city, every town is built on a past civilization,
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a past town, a past village.
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So we're always able to find elements of archeology
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and our hidden past in our backyards.
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But what is important is that we understand our role
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as a collective community,
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and that when we do find elements of the past
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and the people who've come before us,
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that we do the proper thing in preserving it
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and contacting your local archeologist.
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So that we may be able to obtain and figure out
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what this piece of history can tell us
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about our shared past.
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This is "Indiana Jones the Last Crusade".
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Archeology is the search for fact, not truth.
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Indiana Jones starts out his lecture
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by telling his students that archeology is fact not truths.
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In fact, we do look for facts.
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One of the things that you have to be careful with
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is when you're talking truths,
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oftentimes you go into people's belief systems.
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And depending on who's in power,
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who's at the top of politics,
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truths can vary from group to group,
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and class, the socioeconomic class.
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Facts however, are things that everybody agrees
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took place and actually happened.
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So being a Dr. Jones viewing another Dr. Jones
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in a academic setting, this is one of the more
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realistic scenes that you will see,
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is that we do in fact lecture, we do talk about the facts,
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we do highlight all of the important aspects
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of different cultures.
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So this, I would agree, is one of the things that you would
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probably see most archeologists doing who are academics.
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I did it.
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You got it!
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So this scene is wonderful up until the point
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where the students actually leave the room.
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This will find a place of honor in our Spanish collection.
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This is when everything goes sideways.
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And it's kind of the Dr. Jekyll
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meets Mr. Hyde moment of archeology.
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We don't keep artifacts that we
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just looted from a site in our desk.
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We don't give artifacts over for purchase.
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And it's even kind of hinted at it's illegal
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in the fact that he's asking for an honorarium.
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We'll discuss my honorarium
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over dinner and champagne tonight.
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An honorarium is normally something given
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as like a gift to a lecturer, or somebody that's speaking.
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So the fact that there's no bill of sale,
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there's nothing specifically taking place,
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and they're doing the actual deal over dinner and champagne.
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It's kind of a dead giveaway
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that something definitely illegal is taking place.
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This is "The Mummy".
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In this clip Jonathan presents his sister, Evelyn,
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a librarian and an aspiring Egyptologist,
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with a box that contains a map that leads to Hamunaptra.
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So in watching this clip,
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there are a couple things I wanna point out.
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Museums did have different standards
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a long time ago versus what we have now.
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There's still some things that are a little bit far-fetched.
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Torches, having torches sprawled all throughout
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a room in a museum where you have priceless artifacts,
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and artifacts that are irreplaceable.
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You do need light in order to see,
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but fire torches is kind of crazy.
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The other thing in thinking about this situation
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is that you have all of these priceless artifacts
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and there's no climate control going on.
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Which means that if they're sitting in a room,
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humidity can get to them.
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If the conditions are too dry,
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that can also bother the artifacts.
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So the idea that, as archeologists
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we like to preserve the past, the opposite is actually
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being done in this particular scene.
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The other thing that's kind of glaringly jumping out
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is you have a person who is a supposed archeologist,
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who's in an actual sarcophagus with a mummy,
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that is ridiculous.
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It's blatantly disrespectful,
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it's no regard for this particular culture.
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And then on top of that, he's actually playing with it.
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And if you notice, he slams the arm down in one scene,
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that's crazy!
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In a normal circumstance the skeleton would've fallen apart.
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I mean, the skeleton would've simply fallen apart.
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I've just the thing to cheer you up.
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Oh no, Jonathan, not another worthless trinket.
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If I have to take one more piece of junk
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to the curator to try and sell for you.
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So he's coming back from an excavation
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and he stole an artifact.
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And not only did he steal it,
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but he stole it to give as a gift to a loved one,
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who on top of that happens to be
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a person who's in the field as well.
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So you have two archeologists who are
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understanding of the ethical concerns,
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the fact that you're not supposed to be stealing,
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you're not supposed to be taking from other cultures,
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who are actively participating in this egregious act
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of holding on and stealing antiquities and artifacts.
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As they take this stolen artifact and they open it up,
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what they find is a map inside.
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And if we think about kind of going back
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to the Indiana Jones reference of fact versus truth.
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We do not follow maps to buried treasure.
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And X never, ever marks the spot.
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You never wanna chase a map.
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He said, X doesn't mark the spot.
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So thinking about this in the context of this clip
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and what did we learn from that,
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is that you now are taking this map
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that you have no history, no added facts behind,
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and you're chasing behind it.
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We wouldn't do that.
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What we would do is take the information gained,
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compare it to other information that we've seen,
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and see what other information can be obtained
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or learned from this particular artifact.
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But not necessarily use it as the calling card
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to run off and go hop on a plane,
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and go to another part of the world immediately.
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So why this is a fun franchise,
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and The Mummy movies are amazing and awesome to watch,
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this is not how real archeologists would act.
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This is "Prometheus", directed by Ridley Scott.
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In this clip, we see scientists that are going out
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studying ancient alien civilization.
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You gotta be kidding me.
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One of the things that I will point out
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is out of many movies that have been produced
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this seems to be the closest to what would
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take place with cave archeology,
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meaning little things like safety.
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The fact that she was chipping at the rock very slowly,
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and as she was going in still checking it.
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Trying to uncover an artifact,
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but going very slowly in your approach to it.
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So all of those things are very accurate.
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The other thing, how the archeologists are living.
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Oftentimes we live very close to the site
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that we're doing the work.
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A far enough distance that we won't actually
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impede it with our everyday living.
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But the fact that it's further down mountain,
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it is a camp site, they are set up doing the work,
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all of those elements and aspects were pretty realistic.
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As archeologists, when we go on to different sites,
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most of us have been trained extensively
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in the culture in which we are researching.
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I think they want us to come and find them.
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We spend a lot of time in the library,
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learning art patterns, learning what other people
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have discovered about this particular culture.
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So when you do uncover a site,
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you are able to make some initial hypothesis
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about the meanings behind what's being found.
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But normally what happens is, after we've captured pictures,
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after we've documented it thoroughly, we go back.
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And then based on additional research
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and understanding of that particular culture,
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we then are able to make further assertions
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about what's been found.
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What's happening?
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The floor is about to collapse.
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This is "The Pyramid",
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directed by Gregory Levasseur.
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In this clip, a group of archeologists
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get trapped in a pyramid on a collapsing floor.
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Move toward me and try not to step on the cracks.
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So there's so many things wrong with this scene.
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First off, common sense.
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Why was nobody else backing out the room?
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That definitely seems like a run as fast as you can
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out of the room situation.
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Everybody run!
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[woman screams]
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This whole thing is a fallacy.
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We wouldn't do the work like this.
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Just common sense stuff.
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First, you can see from the scene
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it seems to be a pyramid in Egypt.
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You would've gotten clearance from
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the official archeologist of the country,
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who probably would've already assessed
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whether or not the room, the building, the structure
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was stable enough to handle people inside of it.
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Two, you're talking about pre-research.
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We're talking about initial surveys.
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We're talking about safety precautions.
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All of these things would have been put in place
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way before you had a team of archeologists in the room,
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let alone a team of archeologists with a film crew.
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I mean, just what goes on in pre-production
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for our film show, they would have assessed
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whether or not this is a safe space
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to actually film something like this.
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If you were to find a team who is going out
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without all of these precautions put in place,
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checking in with the government, getting permission,
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checking safety standards,
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what you're essentially falling into
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is not so much an archeologist, but a treasure hunter.
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Someone who is going out for their own benefit,
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who's essentially trying to steal
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whatever they're acquiring,
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versus going about it in an academic, systematic fashion,
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in which we do today.
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And what then ends up happening is you're prosecuted by
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whichever government operates or is in operation of
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that actual archeological site.
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So in watching all these movies,
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they're fun, they're adventurous, it's amazing.
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We all love the idea of traveling to these wonderful places
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and uncovering treasures and everything else.
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But please keep in mind, this is not reality.
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This is not what archeologists do.
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We do have a standard, we do have rules,
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we do have regulations, we have to abide by the law.
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We don't get to keep anything that we find,
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we don't steal it, and we definitely don't profit from it.
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Please check out the movies,
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but just keep in mind that they aren't based in fact.